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Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
Candidates should attempt questions from Section I and EITHER from Section II (a) OR Section II (b) according to instructions given under each Section. Answer six questions in all.
Anthropology - 1997 (Main) (Paper - I)
SECTION I
Note: Answer any three questions including question 1, which is compulsory
1. Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each :
(a) Ecological Anthropology
(b) Biological evolution of early man
(c) Problems of dating in Prehistoric Archaeology
2. Elucidate the salient differences between tribal social system and caste system giving suitable examples in support of your answer .
3. Discuss the distinguishing features of unilineal, bilineal and bilateral kin groups with suitable examples.
4. Delinneate the meaning and scope of economic anthropology and discuss the principles that govern production, distribution and consumption in hunting and gathering communities.
5. Critically examine the anthropological approaches to planning and socioeconomic development among the weaker sections of the Indian society, highlighting the issues of macro- planning in anthropology
SECTION - II(a)
Note: Answer any three questions including question 6, which is compulsory
6. Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each :
(a) Anthropology of Sports
(b) Homo habbits
(c) Longitudinal growth
7. Discuss the gradualist view of evolutionary change vis-a-vis the punctualitionalist view giving an example from primate evolution that supports one view or the other.
8. Discuss the concept of ‘Mendelian population’ and its application in the study of anthropo-genetic variations in India.
9. How are body size and shape related to climatic adaptation ? Discuss the ecological rules with examples from human situations.
10. Discuss the recent developments in genetic techniques and comment upon their potential social significance.
SECTION - II (b)
Note : Answer any three questions including question 11, which is compulsory.
11. Write notes on any two of the following in about 200 words each :
(a) Neo-evolutionism
(b) Acculturation and contra-acculturation
(c) Transactionalism.
12. Elucidate the various concepts of social and cultural change indicating the specific problems involved in the change process.
13. Critically examine the Historical Particularistic approach of Franz Boas to the study of culture.
14. What do you understand by cultural relativistic approach and ethcentric approach in the study of culture ? Discuss the logical premises of cultural relativistic approach.
15. Critically assess the role of ethnography in the development of anthropological theories.
Anthropology - 1997 (Main) (Paper - II)
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each section.
SECTION A
1. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words on each :
(a) Concept of rebirth in Hindu Social System
(b) Dating methods in Prehistory
(c) Significance of Verna and Caste
(d) Universalization and Porochialization
2. Describe the distinguishing characteristic features of South Indian Megaliths and compare these with either Central Indian or North-eastern India Megaliths.
3. Assess the growth and development of Anthropology in India. Illustrate the contributions of early twentieth century Anthropologists in Tribal and Caste studies.
4. Critically evaluate the Indian Population Policies. Suggest appropriate measures for its improvement.
SECTION B
5. Write notes on any three of the following in about 200 words each :
(a) Components of cultures and its link with civilization
(b) Shifting cultivation, its merits and demerits
(c) Role of Anthropologist as an Administrator
(d) Plans and Programs of Tribal development
6. Examine the role of joint family in Hindu social system and its impact on caste system.
7. Estimate the role of democratic institutions/organizations for the development of weaker sections and the welfare measures adopted by them.
8. Discuss the significance of the regionalism and communalism in Indian context and its role in ethno-political movements in the present political system
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English - 1997 (Main) (Compulsory)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt all questions.
The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of the question.
Answers must be written in English.
Q. 1. Write an essay of about 300 words on any one of the following : 100
(a) Tolerance is the key to national unity
(b) Your idea of a happy life
(c) Advertisements : need for control
(d) Is vegetarianism a virtue ?
(e) Failures are the pillars of success
Q. 2. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow in your own words as far as possible. 75
It is true that the smokers cause some nuisance to the non-smokers, but this nuisance is physical while the nuisance that the non-smokers cause the smokers is spiritual. There are, of course, a lot of non-smokers who don't try to interfere with the smokers. It is sometimes assumed that the non-smokers are morally superior, not realizing that they have missed one of the greatest pleasures of mankind. I am willing to allow that smoking is a moral weakness, but on the other hand we must beware of a man without weakness. He is not to be trusted. He is apt to be always sober and he cannot make a single mistake. His habits are too regular, his existence too mechanical and his head always maintains its supremacy over his heart. Much as I like reasonable persons, I hate completely rational beings. For that reason, I am always scared and ill at ease when I enter a house in which there are no ash-trays. The room is apt to be too clean and orderly, and the people are apt to be correct and unemotional. Now the moral and spiritual benefits of smoking have never been appreciated by these correct, righteous, unemotional and unpoetic souls. In my opinion the smokers' morality is, on the whole, higher than that of the non-smokers. The man with a pipe in his mouth is the man after my heart. He is more genial, more open-hearted, and he is often brilliant in conversation. As Thackeray observes, "The pipe draws wisdom from the lips, of the philosopher and shuts up the mouth of the foolish; it generates a style of conversation that is contemplative, thoughtful, benevolent and unaffected."
(a) What kind of hardship do .a smoker and a non-smoker cause to each other ? 15
(b) Why is it wrong to think that a non-smoker is morally superior to a smoker ? 15
(c) Why is a man without any moral weakness untrustworthy ? 15
(d) What pleasure of life is missed by a non-smoker ? 15
(e) What does Thackeray mean to say ? 15
Q. 3. Make a precis of the following passage in about 230 words. As far as possible, the precis should be in your own words. It should be written on the special sheets provided, which should be
fastened securely inside the answer book. State the number of words in your answer. 75
N.B. : Marks will be deducted if your precis is much longer or shorter than the prescribed length.
In our country begging has become a profession and the beggars continue to increase in numbers. So, vast indeed is the fraternity of these beggars that foreigners visiting India, especially ,cities like Varanasi, our cities of pilgrimage, have been led to call our cities the cities of beggars and of dust ! There are no statistics available for estimating their number, but that is not needed for our present purpose. Of course, any practical reform in this matter does not require a close investigation into the causes and conditions of the existence of beggars, but we are here concerned with the question of seeing how these beggars live and what, in particular, is the effect on society of their existence.
As already suggested, the vastness of the number of the Indian beggars is evident to any visitor from a foreign country. The causes of the increase in the number of beggars are many, but of these we may just consider only a few. For good or evil, Indians have been very religious in their outlook on life, and also very generous and hospitable towards those who go to them for begging. Our Puranas and Shastras point out that giving charity to beggars ensures Moksha in the next world. The social conscience deveolped from such an article of faith has been the main cause of the increase in the number of beggars. They are always sure of finding people anxious to go to heaven by offering doles and donations to the needy and so they are thriving. There are many beggars whose profession has been hereditary - a strange perversion of human nature, which, as we are told, ought to eat out of the sweat of its brow. The most amusing spectacle from the point of view of reason, is to see able-bodied persons, dressed in abundance of rags and many coloured clothes wandering about the streets and going from house to house regularly at certain hours for no more serious a purpose than that of begging ! This might be seen at almost any village and town in our country. For ages uncounted this thing has been going on. The ignorant masses have a fear of the curse supposed to emanate from the mouths of angered beggars, and thus the beggars get more than they need. In fact, strange as it might seem, a considerable number of these beggars are richer . than their poor patrons !
With the percolation of social consciousness among the modern educated Indians, the problem of beggars is today being seriously thought about and ways and means are being seriously mooted on how to solve this problem. When we read how in the West, for example, begging has become a crime coming under the vagrancy acts of Parliaments and when we know that in some countries people are warned that "Those who do not work, neither shall they eat", we begin to think how depressing is the situation in India. Poverty, no doubt, is one of the major causes of begging, and unemployment and increase in population have also been responsible for the same, but the disease-of begging has deeper roots in the social consciousness of us all, and it is to this that any reformer has to turn. We must make it clear to the masses that there is no special glory of Punya in giving charity to the able-bodied persons, and that such misplaced charity is only increasing idleness and chronic poverty. If the masses are educated in social science, its elementary principles at any rate, there will be a gradual lessening of the number of beggars in our country.
The State, too, has to devise laws for checking the growth of beggars. Some strict laws against vagrants must be put into practice in every city and village in India. It is more important to introduce them in holy cities where the beggars are leading the most unholy life. Finally, it is for the development of saner outlook on life that we must agitate if we are to root out this evil of beggary. In one form or another, begging has become the most widespread thing today. Some are honourable, modernised beggars in pants and boots and ties and they have subtler ways of exploiting their patron victims.
Q. 4. (a) Fill in the blanks using the appropriate forms of the words given below : 10
abhor, alter, determine, dwell, fellow, handle, innocent, slay, torrent, radiant.
(i) He is making a ..................... effort to succeed in the examination.
(ii) We should hold corruption in ...................... .
(iii) He ....................... in a rented house in Delhi last year.
(iv) There is no ..................... in this, town; it is the same as it was five years ago.
(v) He deserves praise ................... for the situation tactfully.
(vi) We love children for their ................... .
(vii) The crops have been damaged by these ............... rains.
(viii) The rich man has been ................... by the militants.
(ix) The ................. of his face suggests that he is a saint.
(x) He has been awarded a .................. for studying in Canada.
(b) Use each of the following words in two separate sentences, first as a noun and then as a verb :
favour, meet, occasion, sound, support. 10
(c) Do as directed : 5
(i) A stranger said to me, "Do you know me ?"
(Change into the Indirect form of Narration.)
(ii) He is blind ............... his own faults.
(Use the correct preposition.)
(iii) Are you not making a noise ?
(Write it in the passive voice.)
(iv) Is virtue not its own reward ?
(Transform into an assertive sentence.)
(v) God is present everywhere.
(Substitute a single word for "present everywhere".)
Q. 5. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10
(i) If you will run, you will catch the train.
(ii) I am too glad to help you.
(iii) I am fed up of his evil ways.
(iv) He has only two brother-in-laws.
(v) I am one of those persons who cannot describe what I feel.
(vi) He has not bought some books.
(vii) Do not prevent the child to read.
(viii) I doubt that she will help you.
(ix) Ganges is a holy river.
(x) He is more intelligent than either of his four brothers.
(b) Of the words given in brackets, choose the one that you think is appropriate : 10
(i) He is an .................. mechanic.
(ingenuous / ingenious)
(ii) He died after he had been struck by .................. .
(lightning / lightening)
(iii) Your story is not at all ................... .
(credulous / credible)
(iv) Only the virtuous experience true ................. .
(facility / felicity)
(v) Some politicians try to influence the ............... officers.
(judicious / judicial)
(vi) You cannot question his honesty and ................. .
(veracity / voracity)
(vii) The patient is still in a state of ................. .
(comma / coma)
(viii) After the accident, the field was covered with ................. .
(corpses / corps)
(ix) He is a dealer in .................... .
(stationary / stationery)
(x) You should settle this dispute in an ................. way.
(amiable / amicable)
(c) Use the following phrases/idiomatic expressions in your own sentences so as to bring out their meanings : 5
give rise to, hang fire, pass away, put up with, tone down.
N.B. : Marks will be deducted if your precis is much longer or shorter than the prescribed length. 75
I speak of peace because of the new face of war. Total war makes no sense in an age when great powers can maintain large and relatively invulnerable nuclear forces and refuse to surrender without resort to those forces. It makes no sense in an age when a single nuclear weapon contains almost ten times the explosive force delivered by all of the Allied air forces in the Second World War. It makes no sense in an age when the deadly poisons produced by a nuclear exchange would be carried by the wind and water and soil and seed to the far corners of the globe and to generations yet unborn.
Today the expenditure of billions of dollars every year on weapons acquired for the purpose of making sure we never need to use them is essential to keeping the peace. But surely the acquisition of such idle stockpiles, which can only destroy and never create, is not the only, much less the most efficient, means of assuring peace.
I speak of peace, therefore, as the necessary rational end of rational men. I realize that the pursuit of peace is not as dramatic as the pursuit of war, and frequently the words of the pursuer fall on deaf ears. But we have no more urgent task.
Some say that it is useless to speak of world peace or world law or world disarmament, and that it will be useless until the leaders of those nations, perceived to be hostile by us, adopt a more enlightened attitude. I hope they do. I believe we can help them do it. But I also believe that we must re-examine our own attitude, as individuals and as a nation, for our attitude is as essential as theirs. And every graduate of this school, every thoughtful citizen who despairs of war and wishes to bring peace, should begin by looking inward, by examining his own attitude toward the possibilities of peace.
First, let us examine our attitude toward peace itself. Too many of us think it is impossible. Too many think it unreal. But that is a dangerous, defeatist belief. It leads to the conclusion that war is inevitable, that mankind is doomed, that we are gripped by forces we cannot control.
Our problems are man-made: therefore they can be solved by man. And man can be as big as he wants. No problem of human destiny is beyond human beings. Man's reason and spirit have often solved the seemingly unsolvable and we believe they can do it again.
Let us focus on a more practical, more attainable peace, based not on a sudden revolution in human nature but on a gradual evolution in human institutions, on a series of concrete actions and effective agreements which are in the interest of all concerned. There is no single, simple key to this peace, no grand or magic formula to be adopted by one or two powers. Genuine peace must be the product of many nations, the sum of many acts. It must be dynamic, not static, changing to meet the challenge of each new generation. For peace is a process, a way of solving problems.
With such a peace there will still be quarrels and conflicting interests, as there are within families and nations. World peace, like community peace, does not require that each man love his neighbour; it requires only that they live together in mutual tolerance, submitting their disputes to a just and peaceful settlement. And history teaches us that enmities between nations, as between individuals, do not last forever. However fixed our likes and dislikes may seem, the tide of time and events will often bring surprising changes in the relations between nations and neighbours.
So let us persevere. Peace need not be impracticable, and war need not be inevitable. By defining our goal more clearly, by making it seem more manageable and less remote, we can help all peoples to see it, to draw hope from it, and to move irresistibly toward it.
Q. 4. (a) Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of words given below : 10
deter, increase, ardour, resolve, courage, divide, prestige, commend, pious, invoke
(i) Paradise Lost opens with an ................... of the divine.
(ii) When is your next .................. due ?
(iii) One must have a firm ................... to achieve one's goal.
(iv) Unless we are .................. we can never face obstacles.
(v) Will our nuclear explosions have quite a .................. effect ?
(vi) United we stand, .................. we fall.
(vii) The programme of rehabilitation is ...................... .
(viii) Without .................. religious pursuit has hardly any meaning.
(x) In Gandhian era the people of our country had .................. spirit of patriotism.
(x) This school is a very .................... institution.
(b) Use the following words in your own sentences, each both as a noun and a verb : 10
practice; question; complement; substitute; crop.
(c) Rewrite the following sentences as directed : 5
(i) "Help me Cassius, or l die," cried Caesar.
(Turn it into the indirect form.)
(ii) John in brighter than all other students in his class.
(Change into the positive degree.)
(iii) You cannot see him, for it is not easy to reach him.
(Give one word for the words in bold italics.)
(iv) She would not go home during the holidays
(Use a question tag.)
(v) If you do not work hard, you cannot succeed.
(Use 'unless'.)
Q. 5. (a) Correct the following sentences : 10
(i) It is an unique privilege to welcome our guests.
(ii) A herd of cattles were grazing in the farm.
(iii) If you would have studied hard, you should have passed.
(iv) One of my friend is a good poet.
(v) Either his parents or Pheroze is going to come today.
(vi) When you are going to London to meet with your friends there ?
(vii) For heaven's sake, please don't ask me that why am I not coming ?
(viii) I cannot be able to play cricket this evening.
(ix) You are the teacher here, isn't it ?
(x) Shakespeare, the playwright and the poet born in Stratford-upon-Avon.
(b) Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words put within the brackets : 10
(i) He ............... his past statement in the course of his speech.
(avert, advert)
(ii) In their response to the call they are ..................... .
(invert, inert)
(iii) There is no ................... to the gift he received.
(illusion, allusion)
(iv) ................... distillation is an offence.
(Elicit, Illicit)
(v) He had no ....................... to any help.
(recourse, resource)
(vi) He is certainly not honest; he is always .................... .
(hypercritical, hypocritical)
(vii) Smoking is ................... here.
(proscribed, prescribed)
(viii) Kishore sends his .......................... to you.
(compliments, complements)
(ix) We must not cast any ................. at him, for he is innocent.
(aspiration, aspersion)
(x) The students' attitude to their teacher is not ................... .
(deferential, differential)
(c) Use the following phrases in your own sentences bringing out the meaning : 5
(i) Out of tune
(ii) To put one's foot down
(iii) At sixes and sevens
(iv) Through thick and thin
(v) To put something up
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General Studies - 1997 (Main) (Paper - I)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
Candidates should attempt questions from all the Sections I, II and III
SECTION I
1. How did Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel succeed in avoiding the evil consequences of the doctrine of lapse of paramountcy and in integrating Indian States?
OR
Examine the causes and nature of extremism in Indian politics in the early part of the present century. (About 250 words)
2. Answer any two of the following:
(a) What were the salient features of Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
(b) Discuss Mahatama Gandhi’s concept of ‘Basic Education’. How far was it a departure from conventional system of education?
(c) What were the circumstances that led to the partition of India in 1947?
(About 250 words on each)
3. Answer any three of the following :
(a) What do you understand about ‘Drain of wealth during British rule? Examine its effects on Indian economy.
(b) The name of RajaRam Mohan Roy stands foremost in the field of religious and social reforms.’ Elucidate.
(c) The Preamble to the Constitution is aimed to embody the fundamental values and the philosophy on which the Constitution is based Elucidate.
(d) What are the provisions regarding the protection of Linguistic minorities in the Constitution? (About 75 words on each)
4. (a) Write about the chief features of the following :
(i) Chaitya (ii) Vijayanagara (iii) Yaksha Gana (iv) Khayal
(b) What do you know about the following?
(v) Lalit Kala Academy (vi) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
(vii) Rowlatt Act (viii) August Declaration,1917
(c) Where are the following located and with which event are they associated?
(ix) Surat (x) Vaikom (xi) Midnapur
(d) Where are the following become famous?
(xii) Shymji Krishnavarma (xiii) Rani Gaidinliu
(xiv) Saifuddin Kitchlew (xv) Dr. Nivedita Bhasin (About 20 words on each)
SECTION II
5. Where and when was the meeting between the Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan held in 1997? What were the main decisions taken and what follow-up action has been taken?
OR
Describe the recent significant developments in Sino-Russian relations. How have the Russain people reacted to these developments? (About 250 words)
6. Attempt any three of the following:
(a) What is the Taliban Movement? How has it influenced the geopolitical equations in Asia?
(b) What circumstances led to the victory of Socialists in the parliamentary elections in France?
(c) What was the Pathfinder by Mission? What were its main findings?
(d) What do you understand by Heaven’s Gate? Why was it in the news recently?
(About 100 words on each)
7. Attempt any three of the following:
(a) What fallout can the ‘Mir’ troubles have on the future of US-Russian cooperation in space?
(b) Why has there been opposition from the North-eastern States to the Supreme Court ban on all activities inside forests?
(c) What is VDIS? What does it aim at?
(d) What was the fallout of the Plenary Session of Indian National Congress in Calcutta in August 1997?
(e) On what grounds did India not sign the CTBT?
(f) What is likely to be the impact on Hong Kong’s economy after its transfer to China?
(g) What was the controversy about ‘Prithvi’? (About 50 words on each)
8. (a) Name the authors of the following books?
(i) The God of Small Things (ii) A Suitable Boy
(iii) Nice Guys Finish Second
(b) Who are the following? Why have they been in the news?
(iv) Mahashweta Devi (v) Sivaji Ganeshan (vi) Sanjay Ghosh
(vii) Sanath Jayasurya (viii) Martina Hingis (ix) Iva Majoli
(x) Mike Tyson (xi) Mother Teresa
(c) Name the directors of the following films:
(xii) Train to Pakistan (xiii) Sardari Begam (xiv) Saaz
(xv) Batman and Robin (About 20 words on each)
SECTION III
9. “In1985, out of a total 2000 students in a college, 1400 were for graduation and the rest for post-graduation. Out of 1400 graduate students, 100 were girls; however in all there were 600girls in the college.
In 1990, the number of graduate students increased to 1700 out of which 250 were girls, but the number of post-graduate students fell to 500, of which only 50 were boys.
In 1995, out of 800girl students, 650 were for graduation, whereas the total number of graduate students was 200. The number of boys and girls in graduate classes was equal.”
Represent the above information in a tabular form. Also calculate the percentage increase in the number of graduate students in the college in 1995 as compared to 1985.
10. (a) In one of the Five Year Plans of India, of the total of Rs. 7250 crore, the plan outlays for Agriculture & Irrigation, Transport & Communication, Community Development, Power, and Industry & Minerals had been rupees 1275 crore, 1450 crore, 400 crore, 925 crore, 1500 crore respectively. The remainder was under the head Miscellaneous.
Represent the data by a pie diagram showing the relative percentages and corresponding angles in a tabular form.
(b) The mean of marks obtained in an examination by a group of 100 students was found to be 49.98. The mean of the marks obtained in the same examination by another group of 200 students was 52.32. Find the mean of the marks obtained by both the groups taken together.
11. (a) Mention, in each of the following cases, the most appropriate diagram to represent the data.
(i) Number of refrigerators produced by a certain factory during the last 10 yeas.
(ii) The expenditure on different major heads by a family during a given month.
(iii) Consumer price index number of working class people in two cities for the period 1985 to 1994.
(iv) The daily sales (in Rs.) in a shop for the last one year period.
(b) The following table shows the distribution of men according to their heights:
Height in cm. No. of men
less then 140 16
less then 150 40
less then 160 72
less then 170 93
less then 180 106
less then 190 125
less then 200 150
Find : (i) the percentage of men having height between 150 cm. and 180 cm. and
(ii) the percentage of men having height between 155 cm. and 170 cm.
12. (a) Examine the correctness of the following data regarding consumer’s liking for two products A and B.
“Out of a total of 200 consumers, 100 liked both A and B, 70 liked A but not B and 50 liked B but nor A.”
(b) Two firms A and b respectively pay 80,000 and Rs.60,000 per month as salary to its employees. From this information, can we concludes that firm A is paying higher salary to its employees as compared to the firm B ? State reason.
(c) The following is a series of index numbers using 1980 as base year. Reconstruct the series using 1983 as base year.
Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
Index 100 110 175 250 300
General Studies - 1997 (Main) (Paper - II)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
Candidates should attempt questions from all the Section I, II, and III.
SECTION I
1. (a) How are the President and the Vice President of India elected? What are the constitutional issues involved in their election? (About 250 words)
OR
(b) What is Social Justice? How can reservation of seats for women in Parliament contribute to the establishment of a socially just society in India? (About 250 words)
2. (a) “20th century was century of oil, 21st century would be the century of natural gas.” Comment.
OR
(b) Give your assessment on land reforms in India. (About 250 words)
3. (a) Why is Agni Project important for India? (About 250 words)
(b) How has India’s Nuclear Programme contributed to the economic and defence requirements of the country? (About 250 words)
SECTION-II
4. Answer any two of the following :
(Answer to each question should be in about 150 words)
(a) Present your views for and against the creation of an All India Judicial Service.
(b) Discuss the factors responsible for the rise of regionalism in India. How does it influence the political system?
(c) What, according to the Supreme Court, constituted ‘The Basic Features’ which it upheld in cases known as
(i) Keshavanand Bharati v/s State of Kerala (1990) and
(ii) Minerva Mills v/s Union of India (1990)
(d) How does the Parliament control the financial system in India?
5. Answer any two of the following :
(Answer to each question should be in about 150 words)
(a) Discuss the steps taken by the government in recent years to control inflation.
(b) What measures has the government taken to make women economically independent and self-reliant during the last decade?
(c) Examine the important changes in India’s Industrial Policy since the year 1991.
(d) Discuss the advantages of ‘Alternative Scheme of Devolution suggested by Tenth Finance Commission’ of India.
6. Answer any two of the following :
(Answer to each question should be in about 150 words)
(a) Discuss the origin of Monsoon in India.
(b) What measures has the Government of India taken for the development of Tribal areas in India?
(c) Why is there a demand for making Uttarakhand a Separate Hill State in India?
(d) Why has the Narmada River Valley Project attracted the attention of the common people?
7. Answer any two of the following :
(Answer to each question should be in about 150 words)
(a) What is cryogenic engine? Explain its importance to our country.
(b) What is Madcow disease?
(c) What are fullerenes? Why are they important?
(d) What is Polio? Name its few features and how it can be prevented.
SECTION - III
8. Answer four from Group A, three from Group B and three from Group C.
(Answer to each question should be in about 25 words)
GROUP-A
(a) Why was HODVAT Scheme introduced in the year 1986?
(b) Why was the rationale for ‘Mid-day Meal’ Scheme?
(c) How has the Census (1991) defined the Urban Areas?
(d) Describe the use of ‘Command Area Development’ in India.
(e) What are the objectives of Social Forestry?
(f) What are the main objective of Ninth Five Year Plan?
GROUP B
(a) What do Rule 184 and 193 in Parliamentry Procedure signify?
(b) What is meant by “Gujral Doctrine”? Write its specific principles.
(c) Give a brief account of C.M.P. (Common Minimum Programme) of the united Front Government at the Centre.
(d) Write any four fundamental duties prescribed in the Constitution of India.
(e) What specific provisions exists in the Constitution of India about child labour?
(f) What is Article 356 in the Indian Constitution? Comment.
GROUP-C
(a) What is the safe level of noise for the human ear? Give the noise level of electric bell.
(b) What is the difference between a comet and a meteor?
(c) What is E-mail?
(d) What do the following stand for?
(i) TIFR (ii) GRDO (iii) NEERI
(e) What is tissue culture?
(f) What are Quasars?
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Geography - 1997 (Main) (Paper - I)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 2 which are Compulsory , and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each section. All questions carry equal marks.
1. On the outline map of India provided, mark the following and write in not more than ten words in your answer book, what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each one of them :
(a) Mettur Dam (b) Kaziranga Park
(c) Loktak Lake (d) Puri
(e) Vindhyan Mountains (f) Mahanadi
(g) Itanagar (h) Haldia
(i) Sunderbans (j) Khetri copper mines
OR
On the world map provided, mark to following and write in more than ten words in your answer book, what you consider to be the most significant aspect of each one of them :
(a) Lake Erie (b) Black Forest
(c) New York (d) Jamaica
(e) Falkland Island (f) Winnipeg
(g) Lake Mansarovar (h) Tigris River
(i) Sharjah (j) Areas of Mediterranean climate in Africa
2. Write short notes on any three of the following (each answer should be in about 200 words) :
(a) Buffer zone
(b) Marine resources, biotic, mineral and energy resources.
(c) Weathering and soil formation
(d) Rural-urban fringe
SECTI0N A
3. Discuss the concept of polycyclic landforms and present an analytical study of the polycyclic landforms of a selected region.
4. Define air masses. How do they originate ? Classify them and state the characteristics of anyone type.
5. Examine critically .the theories of the formation of coral reefs and atolls.
SECTION B
6. "Water is a scarce resource in plenty." Comment and discuss its importance in the balanced habitate development. Support your answer with examples from Asia.
7. Critically examine Alfred Weler's Theory of the Location of Industries.
8. Critically examine the concept of dualism with special reference to physical versus human geography.
Geography - 1997 (Main) (Paper - II)
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION A
1. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each
(a) Discuss the origin and main geomorphic feature of Thar Desert of India
(b) Examine the significance of social forestry in the rural economy of India.
(c) Examine the genesis of racial diversity in India,
(d) Discuss the impact of green revolution on the agricultural production in India.
2. Critically examine the factors affecting the distributional pattern of population in India.
3. Evaluate the nature of ecological problem in India and suggest measures for their measurement.
4. Divide Peninsular India into agricultural regions. Explain the basis of such a regionalisation.
SECTION B
5. Answer any three of the following in about 200 words each :
(a) Analyse the locational pattern of cement industry in India.
(b) Examine the census concept of urban areas in India.
(c) Discuss the nature of commodity flows in India.
(d) Evaluate the benefits of Block Level development planning in India.
6. Critically examine the locational pattern and trend of production of forest based industries in India.
7. Draw a sketch map of India showing major river basins. Examine the feasibility of the concept of river basins as a planning unit.
8. Explain the basis and consequences of the establishment and implementation of recommendations of the State Re-organisation Commission in India since 1950s.
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Psychology - 1997 (Main) (Paper - I)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION A
1. Explain any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :
(a) What are the drawbacks of Ex-Post-Facto design of research' ?
(b) Why do Figural-After-Effects take place ?
(c) What is the relation between Discrimination learning and Generalization ?
(d) What role does extinction play in long-term-memory ?
2. What would be the major methodological orientation for doing research in Physiological psychology, Social Psychology and Counselling Psychology ?
3. Is there any relation between process of socialization and the social learning theories of personality ?
4. In order to have effective communication how far should one learn the body language and relate it to verbal communication ?
SECTION B
5. Answer any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :
(a) What is the relation of creativity, artistic aptitude and intelligence ?
(b) Can you relate the 'Guna' theory of personality with any Western model of personality ? .
(c) What is the difference in the altered state of consciousness through meditation and hyonotic trance ?
(d) Can the Cybernetic model of behaviour explain problem solving behaviour ?
6. In terms of motivational properties how would you rank attitudes and values ?
7. Dose the organizational man lead to the alienation in comparison to the Humanistic man ?
8. How does sleep and sensory deprivation affect behaviour of individuals who go for aviation and space flights ?
Psychology - 1997 (Main) (Paper - II)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section.
All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION -A
1. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words ) :
(a) Briefly describe the origin of the measurement of individual differences and comment on the present status of psychological testing in India.
(b) What is group cohesiveness ? Discuss the factors affecting group cohesiveness.
(c) Is aptitude testing sufficient for determining the suitability of a person for a particular job ? If not, mention the other tests that should be applied ?
(d) Define achievement motivation. Discuss the basic factors on which the success of a programme of increasing individual motivation depends.
2. Describe the prominent symptoms of psychosis and discuss the main points of difference between psychotic and neurotic reactions.
3. It is said that Indian society is resistant to change. Is it true ? If so discuss the factors responsible for this and suggest measures to combat the same.
4. What is the aim of psychoanalytic therapy ? Discuss the significance of free association and dream analysis in the process of psychoanalytic therapy.
SECTION -B
5. Answer any three of the following (each answer should not exceed 200 words ) :
(a) Explain the concept of deprivation. How is it different from disadvantage ?
(b) Can stress be totally eliminated ? Discuss the main sources of stress in our society .
(c) Describe the verbal and non-verbal modes of communication and mention their significance.
(d) Juvenile delinquency is the outcome of broken homes. Do you agree with this statement ? Give reasons for your answer .
6. Discuss the different sources of development of prejudice in India, What steps do you suggest for minimizing the effects of prejudice.
7. Mention some of the techniques used in behaviour therapy and comment or its applicability.
8. What is meant by socialization ? Comment on the view that school is the best agent of socialization.
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Public Administration - 1997 (Main) (Paper - I)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
Candidates should attempt Questions 1 and 5 which are compulsory, and any three of the remaining questions selecting at least one question from each Section. All questions carry equal marks.
SECTION A
1.Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :
(a) "In the science of administration, whether public or private, the basic 'good' is efficiency”.
(b) "That is to be a successful administrator one must have a catholic curiosity.”
(c) "Once fully established, bureaucracy is among those social structures which are the hardest to destroy."
(d) "Theoretically the Board administration violates the distinction between government and politics because through it politics is injected in the administration."
2. Examine the basic postulates of the Human Relations Theory and show how far it differs from the classical theory of organizations.
3. (a) "Frederick Herzberg’s Two-factor theory is more or less an extension of Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation. " Explain.
(b) "Centralization inclines toward power and domination. Decentralization, on the other hand, inclines toward competition and self-dermination. " Discuss.
4. How far is it true to state that for a developing democracy the concept of civil service neutrality is outdated; instead there is a need for a civil service with professional competence and commitment ?
SECTION B
5. Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :
(a) "The controls exercised over administration by legislature are, in sum of greater theoretical than practical efficacy ."
(b) Development administration is basically an " action-oriented, goal-oriented administrative system. "
(c) The central concern of administrative law has been the legal limitation of administrative 'discretion'.
(d) " Administrative reforms are induced changes in the machinery of government undertaken in order to bridge the gap between reality and desirability."
6. Bring out the importance of Organization and Methods (O & M). Do you think that there should be a separate O & M organization ?
7. (a) "Time-honoured and yet often not sufficiently appreciated are the fiscal techniques for securing responsible conduct of administrative business." Discuss.
(b) How far is it true to state that delegated legislation has become a present day necessity and it has come to stay; it is both inevitable and indispensable ?
8. "Policy-making does not end once a decision is made. The implementation of the decision can have just as great an impact on public policy as the decision itself. " Discuss.
Public Administration - 1997 (Main) (Paper - II)
Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300
SECTION A
1. Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :
(a) “Under the Company’s rule a distinction was drawn between Regulation and Non-Regulation Provinces.”
(b) “The Preamable to the Constitution is key to open the mind of the markers.”
(c) “The Directive Principles of State Policy are socialistic in their direction and content."
(d) "The legislative relations between Union and State governments are more biased towards Union government. "
2. Examine the motives and intentions of the framers of the Indian Constitution as they opted for the system of parliamentary democracy in India.
3. (a) "The efficiency of the Cabinet depends to a large extent on the Cabinet Secretariat" Elucidate.
(b) “For national planning, the commission type of organisation was deliberately preferred.” Examine the Statement.
4. "The States are constitutionally obliged to ensure that the laws passed by Parliament are implemented. " Explain the constitutional position fully.
SECTlON B
5. Comment on any three of the following in not more than 200 words each :
(a) "The main function of the Public Accounts Committee is to ascertain that the money granted by Parliament has been spent the government within the scope of the demand.”
(b) "The word 'Police' in the title of the Central Reserve Police Force and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police is a misnomer. "
(c) " A singular feature of the 74th Constitutional Amendment is the new role assigned to the urban local bodies in the field of planning. “
(d) “The machinery of administrative tribunals has been provided for the purpose of speedy and cheap justice against official excesses. "
6. Critically examine the role of the Finance Ministry as the custodian of all public revenues.
7. (a) "The District Rural Development Agency is presently serving as the nodal agency of rural development at the district level." Explain.
(b) "The most momentous recommendation of the Asoka Mehta Committee was the creation of a two-tier system of Panchayati Raj." Examine the statement.
8. Trace the origin of the Lokayukta plan and comment on its working.
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